The Role of Administrative Law in Regulating Advanced Algorithms: A Legal Framework for Emerging Technologies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56403/bejam.v3i4.278Keywords:
Administrative Law, Artificial Intelligence, Algorithmic Regulation, Public AdministrationAbstract
The integration of advanced algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI) into public administration has revolutionized decision-making processes, offering enhanced efficiency and scalability. However, this technological advancement presents significant challenges to traditional administrative law frameworks, particularly concerning transparency, accountability, and the protection of fundamental rights. The opacity of algorithmic decision-making, often referred to as the "black box" problem, complicates the ability of individuals to understand and contest administrative decisions that significantly impact their lives. Moreover, the potential for embedded biases within AI systems raises concerns about discrimination and fairness in public service delivery. This paper examines the critical role of administrative law in regulating the deployment of advanced algorithms within public administration. It analyzes existing international regulatory approaches, including the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act and the Council of Europe's Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence, which emphasize risk-based classification, transparency, human oversight, and accountability mechanisms. Drawing from these models, the paper proposes a comprehensive legal framework that incorporates mandatory algorithmic impact assessments, enforceable transparency standards, and institutional oversight to ensure that AI applications in public administration align with democratic principles and human rights.
References
Belhadj, S., Belmokhtar, K., & Ghedamsi, K. (2019). Improvement of energy management control strategy of fuel cell hybrid electric vehicles based on artificial intelligence techniques. Journal Europeen Des Systemes Automatises. https://doi.org/10.18280/jesa.520601
Buratto, W. G., Muniz, R. N., Nied, A., Barros, C. F. de O., Cardoso, R., & Gonzalez, G. V. (2024). A Review of Automation and Sensors: Parameter Control of Thermal Treatments for Electrical Power Generation. In Sensors. https://doi.org/10.3390/s24030967
Co-operation, E. C. on L. (2024). Artificial Intelligence and Administrative Law. Council of Europe.
Ding, F., Zhang, Y., Simpson, J., Bernstein, A., & Vadari, S. (2020). Optimal energy dispatch of distributed PVS for the next generation of distribution management systems. IEEE Open Access Journal of Power and Energy. https://doi.org/10.1109/OAJPE.2020.3009684
Druzin A.; Ramsden, M., B. . B. (2025). Confronting Catastrophic Risk: The International Obligation to Regulate Artificial Intelligence. https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.18983
Et al., J. N. (2023). Innovative AI-driven Automation System Leveraging Advanced Perceptive Technologies to Establish an Ideal Self-Regulating Video Surveillance Model. Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology. https://doi.org/10.52783/tjjpt.v44.i2.220
Europe, C. of. (2024). Framework Convention on Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights, Democracy and the Rule of Law. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Framework_Convention_on_Artificial_Intelligence
Gramlich, M. W., & Klyachko, V. A. (2017). Actin/Myosin-V- and Activity-Dependent Inter-synaptic Vesicle Exchange in Central Neurons. Cell Reports. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2017.02.010
Green, B. (2021). The Flaws of Policies Requiring Human Oversight of Government Algorithms. https://arxiv.org/abs/2109.05067
Grimmelikhuijsen, S., & Meijer, A. (2022). Legitimacy of Algorithmic Decision-Making: Six Threats and the Need for a Calibrated Institutional Response. Perspectives on Public Management and Governance. https://doi.org/10.1093/ppmgov/gvac008
Hasbullah, M. A. (2022). Blue Concept Economy Implementation in Coastal Communities Based on The Law Number 11 of 2020 on Job Creation Perspective. Journal of Social Science. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i1.283
Huang, F., Crăciun, D., & de Wit, H. (2022). Internationalization of higher education in a post-pandemic world: Challenges and responses. In Higher Education Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12392
Justin, S., Saleh, W., Lashin, M. M. A., & Albalawi, H. M. (2023). Modeling of Artificial Intelligence-Based Automated Climate Control with Energy Consumption Using Optimal Ensemble Learning on a Pixel Non-Uniformity Metro System. Sustainability (Switzerland). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813302
Kazemi, Z., Safavi, A. A., Pouresmaeeli, S., & Naseri, F. (2019). A practical framework for implementing multivariate monitoring techniques into distributed control system. Control Engineering Practice. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2018.10.003
Kewat, S., & Singh, B. (2019). Modified amplitude adaptive control algorithm for power quality improvement in multiple distributed generation system. IET Power Electronics. https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5936
Kim, T.-K. (2023). “Discourse on Socialism in Full-Scale Development and Kim Jong Un Regime’s Long-term National Strategy: In Comparative Perspective of China’s Reform Era.” Journal of Korean Politics. https://doi.org/10.35656/jkp.32.1.7
Laihad, G. H., & Suhardi, E. (2023). The Influence of Work Motivation and Knowledge on Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Kindergarten Teachers in Bogor City. Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities, 2(1 SE-The Published Articles), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.56403/nejesh.v2i1.90
Lailatul Fitria, N. J., Marwiyah, S., & Busthomy, A. N. (2023). Realizing Excellent and Quality Public Policy through Emergency Call 112 Service in Probolinggo City. Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities, 2(1 SE-The Published Articles), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.56403/nejesh.v2i1.78
Lyons E.; Miller, T., H. . V. (2021). Designing for Contestation: Insights from Administrative Law. https://arxiv.org/abs/2102.04559
Ma, Y., Chen, X., Wang, L., & Yang, J. (2021). Study on Smart Home Energy Management System Based on Artificial Intelligence. Journal of Sensors. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9101453
Malik, A. H., Arshad, F., & Memon, A. A. (2022). Modeling and Intelligent Controller Design for Reactor Regulating System of Advanced CANDU Reactor (ACR-700) in LabVIEW. Proceedings of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences: Part A. https://doi.org/10.53560/PPASA(59-4)783
Manisah, Andriyani, I., & Oktarina, L. (2023). Effect of Profitability and Leverage on Firm Value with Dividend Policy as an Intervening Variable in LQ45 Companies on the IDX. Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities, 2(1 SE-The Published Articles), 9–16. https://doi.org/10.56403/nejesh.v2i1.83
Mitchell, M. (2023). Analyzing the law qualitatively. Qualitative Research Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/QRJ-04-2022-0061
Nolan, J. P., Sandroni, C., Böttiger, B. W., Cariou, A., Cronberg, T., Friberg, H., Genbrugge, C., Haywood, K., Lilja, G., Moulaert, V. R. M., Nikolaou, N., Olasveengen, T. M., Skrifvars, M. B., Taccone, F., & Soar, J. (2021). European Resuscitation Council and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine guidelines 2021: post-resuscitation care. Intensive Care Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-021-06368-4
Rizky Vita Losi, Fadlan, A., & Selviani, P. (2023). Foreign Branding and Its Effect on Brand Perception: an Overview to Local Entrepreneurs. Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities, 2(1 SE-The Published Articles), 46–50. https://doi.org/10.56403/nejesh.v2i1.88
Saputra, I., Murwaningsari, E., & Augustine, Y. (2023). The Role Of Enterprise Risk Management And Digital Transformation On Sustainable Banking In Indonesia. Neo Journal of Economy and Social Humanities, 2(1 SE-The Published Articles), 17–30. https://doi.org/10.56403/nejesh.v2i1.85
Seth, B., Dalal, S., Le, D. N., Jaglan, V., Dahiya, N., Agrawal, A., Sharma, M. M., Prakash, D., & Verma, K. D. (2021). Secure cloud data storage system using hybrid paillier⇓blowfish algorithm. Computers, Materials and Continua. https://doi.org/10.32604/cmc.2021.014466
She, Q., & Wotherspoon, T. (2013). International student mobility and highly skilled migration: A comparative study of Canada, the United States, and the United Kingdom. SpringerPlus. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-132
Sheehy Y.-F., B. . N. (2024). The Challenges of AI-Decision-Making in Government and Administrative Law: A Proposal for Regulatory Design. Indiana Law Review, 57(3).
Trisnawati. (2024). Artificial Intelligence Governance and Regulation: A Roadmap to Developing Legal Policies for Artificial Intelligence Deployment. Journal of Governance and Administrative Reform, 5(2). https://e-journal.unair.ac.id/JGAR/article/view/65194
Veale, M., & Brass, I. (2019). Administration by Algorithm? In Algorithmic Regulation. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198838494.003.0006
Williams, R. (2021). Rethinking Administrative Law for Algorithmic Decision Making. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies, 42(2), 468–494. https://doi.org/10.1093/ojls/gqab032
Wu S., W. . L. (2023). A Comprehensive Review and Systematic Analysis of Artificial Intelligence Regulation Policies. https://arxiv.org/abs/2307.12218
Zhu, C. (2023). Real-Time Monitoring and Assessment System with Facial Landmark Estimation for Emotional Recognition in Work. International Journal on Recent and Innovation Trends in Computing and Communication. https://doi.org/10.17762/ijritcc.v11i8.7737
